En spectroscopie, l’émission spectrale de l’atome d’hydrogène est décomposée en séries spectrales (plusieurs ondes monochromatiques), leur longueur d’onde est donné par la relation de Rydberg.
La figure suivante présente les transitions de l’électron et leurs longueurs d’ondes associées.
\documentclass[tikz,border=10mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
%états d'énergies
\filldraw[red] (0,0)circle(0.08);
\draw[thick] (0,0)circle(1);
\node[left] at (180:1) {$n=1$};
\draw[thick] (220:2)node[left] {$n=2$}arc(220:480:2);
\draw[thick] (250:3)node[left] {$n=3$}arc(250:450:3);
\draw[thick] (270:4)node[below] {$n=4$}arc(270:430:4);
\draw[thick] (280:5)node[below] {$n=5$}arc(280:420:5);
\draw[thick] (290:6)node[below] {$n=6$} arc(290:410:6);
%série de Lyman
\draw[red, thick] (60:1)--(60:2) node[midway, above, rotate=60, scale=0.5] {$122$ nm};
\draw[red, thick] (55:1)--(55:2) (55:2)--(55:3) node[midway, above, rotate=55,scale=0.5] {$103$ nm};
\draw[red, thick] (50:1)--(50:3) (50:3)--(50:4) node[midway, above, rotate=50,scale=0.5] {$97$ nm};
\draw[red, thick] (45:1)--(45:4) (45:4)--(45:5) node[midway, above, rotate=45,scale=0.5] {$95$ nm};
\draw[red, thick] (40:1)--(40:5) (40:5)--(40:6) node[midway, above, rotate=45,scale=0.5] {$94$ nm};
\node[rotate=40, red, scale=0.75] at (40:7) {Lyman series};
%série de Balmer
\draw[blue, thick] (0:2)--(0:3) node[above, midway, scale=0.5] {656 nm};
\draw[blue, thick] (-5:2)--(-5:3) (-5:3)--(-5:4) node[above, midway, scale=0.5, rotate=-5] {486 nm};
\draw[blue, thick] (-10:2)--(-10:4) (-10:4)--(-10:5) node[above, midway, scale=0.5, rotate=-10] {434 nm};
\draw[blue, thick] (-15:2)--(-15:5) (-15:5)--(-15:6) node[above, midway, scale=0.5, rotate=-15] {410 nm};
\node[rotate=-15, blue, scale=0.75] at (-15:7) {Balmer series};
%série de Paschen
\draw[cyan, thick] (-30:3)--(-30:4) node[above, midway, scale=0.5, rotate=-30] {1875 nm};
\draw[cyan, thick] (-35:3)--(-35:4) (-35:4)--(-35:5) node[above, midway, scale=0.5, rotate=-35] {1282 nm};
\draw[cyan, thick] (-40:3)--(-40:5) (-40:5)--(-40:6) node[above, midway, scale=0.5, rotate=-40] {1094 nm};
\node[rotate=-40, cyan, scale=0.75] at (-40:7) {Paschen series};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}